Injustice in the Upper Peninsula
You gain strength, courage, and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face ~ Eleanor Roosevelt
F.Y.I.
are now believed to have been innocent
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Miranda Rights
Miranda v Arizona ~ 1966
In 1963 Ernest Arturo Miranda from Phoenix, Arizona was arrested for rape. He later confessed to robbery and attempted rape. He was interrogated by police and confessed. At trial, prosectutors offered only his confession as evidence. Miranda was convicted of rape and kidnapping and was sentenced 20 to 30 years imprisonment for each charge, to run concurrently. Miranda's attorney, Alvin Moore appealed to the Arizona Supreme Court which affirmed the trial court's decision. In affirming, the Arizona Suprmeme Court emphasized heavily the fact that Miranda did not specifically request counsel.
The Supreme Courts decision
Chief Justice Earl Warren, a former prosecutor, delivered the opinion of the court, ruling that due to the coercive nature of costodial interrogation by police, (to bolster his point, Warren controversially cited several police training manuals), no confession could be admissable under the Fifth Amendment self-incrimination clause and Sixth Amendment right to an attorney unless a suspect has been made aware of his rights and the suspect had then waived them. Thus, Miranda's conviction was overturned.
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Since 1973, 123 people in 25 states have been released from death row with evidence of their innocence.
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There are 79 probate courts in the state of Michigan; probate judges are elected for 6-year terms.
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Did you know in Michigan.............
Sault Ste. Marie was founded by Father Jacques Marquette in 1668. It is the third oldest remaining settlement in the United States.
In 1817 the University of Michigan was the first university established by any of the states. Originally named Cathelepistemian and located in Detroit the name was changed in 1821. The university moved to Ann Arbor in 1841.
Michigan State University has the largest single campus student body of any Michigan university. It is the largest institution of higher learning in the state and one of the largest universities in the country.
Michigan State University was founded in 1855 as the nation's first land-grant university and served as the prototype for 69 land-grant institutions later established under the Morrill Act of 1862. It was the first institution of higher learning in the nation to teach scientific agriculture.
The Mackinac Bridge is one of the longest suspension bridges in the world. Connecting the upper and lower peninsulas of Michigan, it spans 5 miles over the Straits of Mackinac, which is where Lake Michigan and Lake Huron meet. The Mighty Mac took 3 years to complete and was opened to traffic in 1957.
Michigan is the only place in the world with a floating post office. The J.W. Westcott II is the only boat in the world that delivers mail to ships while they are still underway. They have been operating for 125 years.
Indian River is the home of the largest crucifix in the world. It is called the Cross in the Woods.
Michigan has the longest freshwater shoreline in the world.
Seul Choix Point Lighthouse in Gulliver has been guiding ships since 1895. The working light also functions as a museum, which houses early 1900s furnishings and maritime artifacts.
Four flags have flown over Michigan - French, English, Spanish and United States.
The Upper Michigan Copper Country is the largest commercial deposit of native copper in the world.
In 1929, the Michigan State Police established the first state police radio system in the world.
